How I got Domain Admin via SafeNet Agent for Windows Logon through ESC1
Netwrix found that SafeNet Agent for Windows Logon versions 4.0.0–4.1.2 create an insecure AD CS certificate template by default, enabling an ESC1 path that allows any authenticated user to escalate to Domain Admin. Thales fixed the issue in version 4.1.3 by restricting certificate enrollment to the NDES service account.