Operating system (OS) hardening, a facet of system hardening, involves the implementation of security measures of operating systems like Windows, Linux, or macOS (aka OS X) to bolster their defenses against cyberattacks. The primary aim is to fortify sensitive computing systems, thereby reducing their vulnerability to various security threats, including data breaches, unauthorized access, system intrusions, and malware in accordance with best security practices.

The Center for Internet Security (CIS) published an updated version for the CIS Controls- CIS Controls v8. The CIS Controls are a set of gold standard guidelines for organizations facing data security issues. These controls were developed to simplify and help IT ops and security teams to remain focused on the essentials. The CIS updates its recommendation according to changes and new discoveries in the Information Security field. The 8th version of the CIS Controls was published in May 2021.

Open-source cybersecurity tools offer a prime solution for independent security experts, emerging businesses, and even medium to large enterprises aiming to tailor their security framework. These tools serve as a foundational platform for fostering security advancements, integrating proprietary software code and security automation scripts.

While Windows Server is initially equipped with a default configuration aimed at achieving a delicate balance between security and compatibility, thus enabling most applications to function seamlessly without altering server security settings, it is important to note that achieving a comprehensive secure configuration often entails additional steps, commonly referred to as Windows Server hardening.

Numerous inventive security solutions offered by open source software (OSS) remain untapped by the U.S. government. OSS refers to software for which the source code is accessible, allowing for its use, modification, and distribution. Dynamic OSS projects yield swift advancements and promote inclusive development, rendering them more adaptable to specialized demands. In cases where adjustments are necessary, the code can be accessed and modified accordingly.

CIS IIS 10 Benchmark provides prescriptive guidance for establishing a secure configuration posture for Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) version 10. The benchmark provides guidance for establishing a secure configuration posture for IIS version 10. The benchmark is divided into two levels of security controls: Level 1 and Level 2. Level 1 provides a set of fundamental security measures that can be implemented with little or no impact on service availability.

IIS server, Microsoft’s Windows web server is one of the most used web server platforms on the internet. IIS 10 hardening according to the IIS CIS benchmarks is essential for preventing cyber-attacks and achieving CIS compliance. Common breaches happen by using IIS unsecured server protocols and configurations, such as SMB and TLS/SSL. The IIS default configurations is not recommended to use and should be changed to meet the IIS CIS benchmarks requirements.

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a robust framework known as the NIST 800-171 guidelines for “Protecting Controlled Unclassified Information in Nonfederal Systems and Organizations,” recently updated on May 10, 2023 which serves as a cornerstone for enhancing system security and ensuring compliance.